1 1 1 Lone ISLAND SINCLAIR TIMEX GROUP
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I BA | ISSUE: December | 199
y МЕМ YORK TIMEX SINCLAIR ENTHUSIASTS: NEXT MEETING (нин ББ
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XS, GREETINGS =
————— — A es |
ОШ Шр MATURE m
n LANE
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11581 9 „МЗ
'
Т0. Don Lambert ЈАМ/ 92
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Auburn, IN
46706-3010
FIRST CLASS NAIL
CORRER OF | DATED MEETING NOTICE
Last “ISSUE. 1
== EE KERE E ËE
EEESEEEEEE
ЕБЕБЕЕЕЕЕ ЕЕ ЕЕ =
ЕЕЕЕЕРЕЕЕЕ ЕЕЕ Е к°к ЕЕ ЕЕ rau a a вв в в єє ع ш
TECHNICAL THEN A
FAVORABLE FIK
NEWSLETTER TNG FRE
DON AN EGT MOSTED
SALES. ШЕ ISHER
МЕ. ALEX RIS
CAND IDNES
& NUMBER O
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SAD NEWS
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SINCLAIRIST AND "RIEUTOR To
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CO INDOL ERS СЕ =, то
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WE RECEIUED THE Eu
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MENT FOR ANY SINCL
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SHOULD BE HORE РГЕ
ING 751000 USERS.
LOT OF US WHO STILL
E
sM DEH ©:
(a iu
2
TN FTI Ct TI
rn p x c
rm
н
nD
NT IS
XIBLE CONC
THEIR ARE В
USE TRE
HAVE
UPDATE
CAROL AND
&.00 РЕК
SREAT INVEST =
IR COMPUTER
FRANK.
тізі
11
oe
ТО MENTION
GROUP
YEAR
ERN-
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DISE. EBE TC ITY s ONE EXAMPLE ІЗ.
THIS WRITER.
FOR YOUR SUBSCRIPTION:
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LISTING.
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HRPPY HOLIDAY END HAPPY
1 Wrapping
FRCODE
WORD PROCS
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READER 1
10 READER 2
11 TRACE
12 RENUMBER
13 CASE SWAP
14 VARS
TS. SCROLL
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31 SECONDS
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35 DIG. TIMER
36 PAPER & INK
37 BEWARE DOG
38 EXAM
39 KEYBOARD M
40 LAS VEGAS
41 PARROT
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АЗ STM
44 MC EXAMPLE
AS SHAKESPEARE
шдағоольомкм
46 TRESURE Н
47 I.T. UNE
48 THE I.T.
49 WOLF & GOATS
50 RACER
51 AT MARKET
52 WINDOWS
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54 NEW CHR$
55 NEW СНН%
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PSGE 32/64
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CHARACTERS
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ATTR
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COMMENTS
deh EF i
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THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAGE IS TO INFORM ALL CURRENT AND POTENTIAL
MEMBERS THAT 15 HAG ВЕСОМЕ NECESSARY TO RAISE OUR CLUB DUES.
IN THE PAST FIVE YEARS THAT I HAVE BEEN А MEMBER THERE
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ADDRESS THIS SUBJECT, ОА He- 15 NOT FOR PROFIT ORGANIZATION,
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TO: ALL MODEM OWNERS
FROM: BOB MALLOY .
SUBJECT: ONLINE COSTS
If you like to access a service such as COMPUSERVE,
DELPHI or others but are concerned with the hourly charges
you may find the following annoncement from GENIE to be of
interest, especially if you have flat rate phone service.
KKKKKKKKEKK
ON OCTOBER 1, 1990 GEnie will introduce GEnie
Star*Services. For a monthly subscription fee of $4.95 ($5.95
Canadian), you can become a member of GEnie, plus have
unlimited non-prime time use of select GEnie products
including: GEnie Star*Services: * News, Weather, Sports Top
Stories * Travel Information & Reservations * Closing Stock
Quotations * Electronic Encyclopedia * GE Mail (TM)
electronic mail * Leisure and Professional Bulletin Boards *
Classic GEnie single player games * Shopping Services Ж
Subscription to GEnie's LiveWire Magazine
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For further information in the U.S. and Canada оп
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call 1-800-638-9636. GE Information Services, a division of
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жжжжжжжжжж
I find it great to to able to go through i areas such as
the Encyclopedia, Stock Quotations, the Education Bulletin
Board (My wife is a teacher) and others without worrying
about how much of a bill I’m running up. I Know that the
whole months’ charges will only be $4.95 as iong as I stay in
the STAR*SERVICES sections.
If you have any questions you can write to me c/o LIST
or BY EMAIL on GEnie. My I D there is R.MALLOY1
LIET LIS
Long Island Sinclair B а "an
TIMEX User Group
„ LIST.
ТІМЕХ LOGIC, PART III
It has been said here before
that the computer іс a number
ariented machine. Everu thina
that it does, it does by the
manipulation of numbers. Basic
is а tanguage akin ta English,
devised salety for the benefit
of us humans. The computer it-
self doesn't need Basic, and
early models of computers did
not have it. ALL оғ the Basic
commands, operations, sumbals,.
etc., used bu programmers are
canverted immediately into code
numbers by the computer ror its
cwn use, Then іс communicate
back to us, the computer kindly
replaces the numbers with а
language that we сап more read-
ily understand. In an 8-bit
computer such as ene Timex,
there are only 255 distinct пит ~
bers in a byte, From 8 to 255.,
but these numbers have difrer-
ent meanings іс the computer,
depending upon how and where
059 аге used, That's why, РОГ
example, the number 201 can
represent RETURN їп a machine
code instruction, and the sym-
bol <> used in a logic condi-
tion of Basic. That's why а in
Logic is set aside ta mean .
FALSE. and anu other number in
similar circumstances signiries
TRIE
: Anather computer trait we
mish to emphasize again іс the
шам it responds te Priority.
Priorities are Listed on page
223 or the manual. Hdd paren-
theses, priority 16, ta this
List. Every thina that the cam-
puter does, it dees in the ar-
der dictated by BPricrity. Basic
statements, including Logic, 2
are scanned teft to right on a
program Line, instructions fal-
Lowed according to priority,
highest first, then the next
highest, until atl operations
are considered.
et'sz ut these twe Logic cone
Кү өы cane to a test with the
Following short ргоагапы....
5 LET ¥=e2 Я
АЗ PRIHT 5 + ¥#5
Lock at Line 18. It doesn't
contain a Logic condition, but
Priority is needed ta perrorm
the mathematics at the Proper
Lime. The ¥ symbol hat priarty
higher than the + sumbal, 20 —
the computer dogs the multipli-
cation first, and then adds the
result ta 5. The answer, 17,
will appear if uou RUN the pro-
aram. |
stitute ап = mark For
in line 10.....
2
5 + ¥=6
Now there is a logic condi-
iren in tine 18, but the + sign
has a higher priortu than the
equal sumbol, so the computer
adds 5 to 2 and gets 7. Then
it looks at the condition 7-265.
It compares the two numbers and
finds that they are not equal.
So it prints out a @, the logic
value of a FALSE condition. K
Change the біп line 18 to a 7
and RUN the program again. Yau
will пош get а printout of 1,
indicating that the logic value
af Тс? is 1, indicating a TRUE
condition.
Consider the manner in which
the Timex computer evaluates or
alters the value of a variable.
Seemingly this construction тач
look Like a departure from the
Pricrity rule. Enter the fol-
lowing lines.....
5 LET T =
LO LET J =
15 PRINT Т
Heeting this for the first
time, one might conclude that
this is arithmetically incor-
rect. Hew can a number be equal
ta itself plus 37 Here literal
meaning gives way to computer
talk, and it means change T ta
be equal to itself plus 3. In
this situation the - mark is an
"assignment operator". having a
Pricritu af 1, placing it at
the veru bottom of the Priority
Scale. In anather senge LET T=
can be considered a suntax ar-
rangement. a grouping of char-
acters that perform а Particu-
lar function Last and indepen-
dant of the other operations in
the statement, How change Line
10 of this little proaram ta
read.....
i0 LET T 2 T s T
RUN it and the answer comes
out 1. This is because the com
Puter considers this line to be
equivalent to...
10 LET T = iíT-T)
f
Now (T=T) is true for all
values of T; so it has a logic
value of 1. Hence T itself be-
comes 1. Со а step further and
add another = T....
10 LET Т = Тт = т = т
Rum this and the answer comes
up e. This is because the com-
Puter Evaluates Line 10, in
Stages ас FOLLOWS. sase’
10 LET T=(T+Tl=T. Whith іс...
1@ LET Tet 1 zT. Which i$...
1808 LET T= fí1-T) , which boils
doun ta....
1@ LET T= @
And the final answer will be
@ no matter how manu times we
add an =T, LET appears in manu
lines containing logic condi-
tions. Tru the Follawing in our
Little ргочзгат....
10 LET T = T = 260
Since Т has a value
fore getting to this
condition T = SA becom
ical @ and Т finalizes to a
UE Gf а alsa. If T had a val
of 50 when the program got to
this line, the condition would
be TRUE. logic value 1, and T
ends up with a value of 1 alsa.
Thus the final value of T wilt
be either 8 or 1 depending upon
its ргісг value,
ОБ
noe,
т
с=т
і
а!
o
i
e
APPrOopriate Logic expressions
enable the computer to make
quick decisions with a paucity
Of words or characters. To the
Programmer this means less
butes are required, conserving
RAN. Short, concise statements
aiso RUN faster as a rule, a-
nother asset, Experienced pro-
Qrammers build up a repertoire
Of logic shart cuts. Consider a
Situation where one might want
tc develop either a +1 of a -1,
at random. Userful if back and
forth, up and dawn motions are
required. An expression like
the fallowing Will do it....
LET K = 1 - 2s( RND > .5)
The condition in parentheses
Will be TRUE half of the time
and FALSE the other half. So it
Might have a logic value of 1
or e. From here on the proced-
ure if pure math. A logic val-
ue ОР 1 makes K = -1, and а
logic value of @ makes K- 41.
Bu the way, did uou notice that
the parentheses are necessary?
Otherwise the computer will con
Sider the ж operator before the
^ symbol. There are short cuts
galore, especiallu in Timex
logic; as ue shal
ех
Consider an XPression like
IF B«30....; It can be replaced
Simply bu IF B. This is because
anu value that B would have
Other than @ would be consider-
€d logical TRUE. The same goes
for an expression Like...
IF 17 n «» @, which is the
Same ас...
IF 17 s n
IF TRUE.... (n<>0)
We can have other mixtures af
arithmetic and logic operations
and ргісгііч will decide the
outcome. Consider this опе, ,,
S LET D-z.6: LET.E s 5
10 PRINT D « 8 - E
Before uou RUN this, take a
tru at. the ansuer, rememberina
that the negative sian has a
igher priority than the « mark
aucing the computer to consid-
r the condition to be 3 - 5 ог
. As 3 іс net larger than 6,
he entire expression is FALSE.
ence a logic @ will PRINT.
In the fourth part af this
Series we will Look at some
logic expressions not available
on other computers. Expressions
that enable Timex Programming
to be more concise uhen the
occasion arises, and they can
be used.
Warren Fricke
Revised 10-28-89
PY TT
52» 0 00 (P B5 GM EB 00 CI
и азс 27 9 80 00 СВ CED БЫ
IT YY J. 7-7-7 a
Jack Dohany
390 Rutherford
Redwood City, CA
94061
415-367-7781
1990 CATALOG OF 2068/SPECTRUM PRODUCTS
(Sorry, I don’t support other computers.)
INTRODUCTION
This catalog has 4 parts: Introduction, Price List, Product
Descriptions, and Order Blank. Please make as many hardcopies
as you like, especially of the order blank. I offer 4 kinds of
products: SOFTWARE on cassette or disk; FIRMWARE on eprom;
HARDWARE (electronic devices); and BOOKWARE (books and
periodicals for rent).
GUARANTEE
All of my products, including software, have this satisfaction
guarantee: you're welcome to return any product within 30 days
for a full refund or credit, for any reason. Whenever you buy
something by mail, you're always buying a "pig in a poke". You
can't always tell from my brief description whether the product
will truly suit your needs or desires.
SHIPPING TIME
Please allow 30 days. If it will take longer I'll send you а
post card telling you so. I sometimes get swamped, or caught up
in other activities, so there are sometimes very long delays.
Your patience is very much appreciated.
CREDIT
If you're low on cash: pay what you can, when you can, and do
your own record-keeping. I don't want to have to keep track of
how much you owe me; that's your job. In my experience, 2068
owners are remarkably trustworthy.
TRY-BEFORE-YOU-BUY
You are welcome to include payment with your order... or not.
That is, you can order on a try-before-buy basis; if you do so,
I will assume that you agree to pay for products received if
you like them, or return them within 30 days if you don't.
PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONS: SOFTWARE
When you order software from me, I provide it pre-customized
for your equipment. Therefore it's very important that I know
а11 about your equipment: Spectrum emulator, printer interface,
printer, disk interface, disk drives and so on.
My consuming passion is writing software for the 2068 &
Spectrum, and improving existing software. In my view, any
piece of software can always be improved. I am not the
originator of MOST software that I sell; but I have improved
most of it. I pay a royalty to the original author or publisher
where possible. Most of the software I sell is copyrighted.
Please respect that copyright, and do not give copies to
friends. `
Most software includes documentation, usually on paper,
sometimes on disk, if I know you have the appropriate word
processor for printing the documentation on disk. Some software
either requires no documentation, or is self-documenting.
I have MANY more programs available than are listed herein. If
you are looking for a program not listed, let me know... I may
have it. I just don’t have time to produce a complete list.
In parentheses you will find a RATING (purely subjective, A to
F), a colon, and T, S or TS. T means Timex 2068 ONLY, S means
SPECTRUM ONLY, and TS means either that the software runs on
either machine, or that two versions of it are provided.
l
Un
BOOKWARE RENTAL
1 have a library containing a great many Sinclair-related
books, magazines and newsletters. I have not yet cataloged my
library. If you know what you need, enquire. If I have it, you
can rent it BRIEFLY at 50 cents per day for a maximum of ten
days. There is also a special price of $2 per day for a group
of 10 items. Most things in my library are irreplacable, so you
must absolutely promise to return what you receive within ten
days. The idea is that you should make hardcopies of any needed
infomation, then return the items. I intend to produce a
listing, eventually, of everything in my library.
OTHER SERVICES
I will try to help my fellow T/S users in any way possible.
However, my time is not free. You are expected to pay for my
time spent in helping you. How much? Whatever you feel is fair.
CONCLUSION
Thanks for your support and patience!
PRICE LIST
Payment may be in cash, personal check or money order, all of
which I treat equally. Sorry, no credit cards. Prices are in
U.S. dollars.
PG SOFTWARE PRICE PG FIRMWARE Price
3 WORD MASTER V2.0 20 to 70 8 32K T/S EPROM KIT 20
3 MSCRIPT V5.5 25 8 * OS-64 15
3 BACKWORD V1.0 20 8 * PINBALL 10
4 MASTERFILE V9.0 20 8 * FLIGHT SIMULATOR 10
4 VU-FILE 10 8 * CASINO 1 10
4 SUPERDRIVER V1.0 20 8 * ANDROIDS 10
4 GYPSY V2.0 10 8 * SPECTRUM EMULATOR 15
4 DISK FILE MANAGER V2.0 5 8 *srequires cartridge below
4 DRIVES V1.0 0
4 FONT MANAGER V2.0 20 HARDWARE
4 SPECDOS + TXDOS V3.0 10 8 Standard cartridge 10
4 BA-64 V2.0 20 8 ZIF cartridge 15
4 RPM 25 8 Printer EXT DIP kit 10
4 TOOLKIT V1.0 5 8 Centronics Int Kit 25
5 EZ EDIT V1.0 10 8 Centronics Ext 40
5 EXTENDED BASIC V1.0 10 9 RS-232 EXT 50
5 SUPERCODE V3.5 20 9 Centronics Plans 5
5 VU-CALC V1.0 10 9 RS-232 Plans 5
5 OMNI-CALC V2.0 10 9 Eprom programmer plans 5
5 VU-3D V1.0 10 9 " " kit 50 e&t 100
5 PC-DRAW V2.0 25 9 Switcher power supply 20
5 ZEUS V1.0 20 - Zebra Disk I/F 45
5 DEVPAC V3.3 30 - ^" 4 centronics port 10
5 TECH-DRAW JR and SR 20 - Zebra Disk 16K cntrlr 15
5 DRAW 512 V2.0 10 - Zebra disk 64k + CPM 50
6 EXTENDED PAINT 10 - Zebra 3" drive 50
6 HISOFT PASCAL COMPILER 20 - 3.5" 720K drive 70
6 HISOFT C COMPILER 20 - Zebra silver box 10
6 FORTH 10 - Zebra power supply 10
6 WATCH 0 - Zebra FD3000 cabinet 50
6 TURTLE GRAPHICS 5 - Custom wood cabinet 50
6 PINBALL 10 9 2068 Computer 60
6 SCRABBLE 10 9 2068 Power Supply 10
6 SUPER BRIDGE 10 9 2068 User Manual 5
6 BUGABOO 10 9 A/D Interface 20
6 MUSICOLA 10 9 LINGER board, a&t 140
6 NOTEWORTHY 10 9 LINGER board, kit 80
7 DLAN 10 9 LINGER board, info SASE
т DISK EDITOR 20 9
7 МС TUTOR FOR DISK 10 9 IBM-type keyboard 40
7 ZEBRA DESIGNER 20
7 ZEBRA TALKER 30 BOOKWARE RENTALS : 0.50
7 MULTI-DRAW 10 per day, plus mailing.
7 WP32 10 10 day limit! Promise of
7 KEYWORD 5 quick return is assumed.
7 QRL 10 $2 рег day for group of
7 TIMEMACHINE 20 10 items.
9^0 * .. .
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—
Rand USR 0
Rand USR 681
Rand USR 757
Rand USR 836
Rand USR 930
Rand USR 963
Rand USR 2955
Rand USR 5086
Rand USR 3292
Rand USR 3875
Rand USR 3883
Poke 16418, 0
Poke 16441, 20
Poke 16509, N
Poke 16510, 0
Enter "1 REM аа”,
ЕХ-81 Pokes & Calle
Use at your own riskl
clears program & restarts
in FAST mode, prevents report code from display
Іп FAST mode saves a program without a name
AN FAST mode, will load a program and STOP it even
If it is self starting. Gives a C error code but
disregard. Hit LIST and there 15 the program. Some МС
programs initialize from the print buffer and you may not
get а listing. 1 have seen only 1 program that did this
(HOT 2-1) Most start with a RAND USR 16514.
Equivalent to BREAK - | yr
clears program area & varlables (NEW)
equivalent to ^," in a print statement
scroiis up one line | |
Equivalent to STOP i T
Equivalent to FAST
Equivalent to SLOW
Makes a 24 line display (don't scroll or input = CRASH)
Gives a 34 column display (careful, can cause CRASHES)
N = 40 to 63. Makes editing hard; line * have letters.
N-99 prevents program from running or listing, poke to 0
to restore operation.
Makes first line number 0, can't be edited. Use for
Copyright notice. To hide listing use the following
then POKE 16514,118 & POKE 16515, 118. Listing ts gone
Capt Anthony J. Oresteen
5679-B Bret} Dr, FT Knox, KY 40121 (502) 942-1326
-11-
| 2Х81
NEW LOCATIONS FOR М/С ROUTINES IN A 64K RAMPACK
Retyped from the Sept 1985 issue of Vancouver N/L "ZXAPPEAL"
Those of you who, like me, have a 64K Rampack know that the
area between 8 and 16K is a great spot to put your favourite
machine code routines. |
The trouble is “that а kot of commercially available
peripherals, made for the ZX81, use up some or all of this area
by squatting their ROMs all over it.
On a normal ZX81, machine language programs do not run above
32K; there is however a solution. It comes to us from Christofer
Tolis, who lives in Stockholm, Sweden; via Glen Read, who
noticed it in the British mag. "Electronics and Wireless World".
As you may know, when address line A15 goes high (and M1 low,
which means an OPcode fetch is in progress, as opposed to a data
fetch, this is the reason you can store data above 32K in the
first place) the Ferrenti chip kicks in the display routines.
See also ZXappeal April '85.
To avoid all this we simply make sure A15 can not go high (at
the Ferranti chip) unless A1! does the same, which it will not
do wnen you are running a machine language routine between 32
-N 3 ‚С^
and &SK.
Don't worry A1! will be high when a legitimate display needs
generating as long as the display file lives in_ the Sinclair
sanctioned 16 to 32K area. This means that your BASIC program,
which fills up the space between the system variables апа the
display file, must be less than 15K, in order to keep the
display file within the 32K border, but programs that long have
yet to be written for the 2Х81.
TO DO THE DEED:
Cut the trace at the Ferranti 718 рїп and install a 1K
resistor. Solder a diode between pins 11 and 18 on the Ferranti
side of the resistor using the correct polarity, and ,voila, yet
another 14% to put your favourite machine language routines, Oh
and by the way, these routines are of course safe from the reset
button just as they are in tie 8 to 16K area. You knew that,
didn't you?
Retyped by G.F.C.
FF REHT SESE EF ИКТ FEE EN VETE Be PR PRUE EEG TUER ТА РЕ TETTE ES FR EET
WA Peace DOVE WINS!"
“EAN THE BOHB EX
SPACE
WEAPONS !
EECHENUTITER ЕПН 12550145 TTT OR OD НЕ ГЕ ST ТАТ ЕТЕН ER РЕ.
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